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This article is from the Encyclopedia of North Carolina edited by William S. Powell. Copyright © 2006 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. For personal use and not for further distribution. Please submit permission requests for other use directly to the publisher.

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Civil War

by Tom Belton and Paul Branch, 2006

Additional research provided by Whitmel M. Joyner, Paul E. Kuhl, and Jo Ann Williford.

Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Secession and First North Carolina Enlistments and Casualties; Part iii: Political and Social Turmoil during the War; Part iv: Unionism and Violence in the Western Counties; Part v: Military Movements, Battles, and Outcomes in the State; Part vi: References

"View of the Black Mountains, Mitchell County, NC, c.1890's. From the H. H. Brimley Photo Collection, PhC.42, North Carolina State Archives., call #PhC42.Bx24.

Part IV: Unionism and Violence in the Western Counties

The Civil War was especially brutal in the Appalachian Mountains, where numerous residents of Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina remained loyal to the Union. Madison County, N.C., suffered greatly from recruiters and raiders. Robberies, murders, and burned-out homes were so commonplace that Confederates considered much of the county, particularly the Laurel Valley, as insurrectionary. Some Unionists became identified with the Heroes of America, or "Red Strings," a secret organization that worked to defeat the Confederacy. Richmond and Raleigh both sent troops to arrest deserters and restore "law and order" in western communities opposed to Confederate rule. When much of eastern North Carolina fell under Federal control, many blacks and some whites enlisted in Union regiments. The lack of food for families and soldiers alike fueled a growing peace movement, led in great part by William W. Holden, editor of the Raleigh-based newspaper, the North Carolina Standard.

Keep reading > Part V: Military Movements, Battles, and Outcomes in the State Keep reading

Image Credit:

"View of the Black Mountains, Mitchell County, NC, c.1890's. From the H. H. Brimley Photo Collection, PhC.42, North Carolina State Archives., call #PhC42.Bx24. Available from https://www.flickr.com/photos/north-carolina-state-archives/3098217707/ (accessed May 14, 2012).

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