In 1937 the legislature established the State Bureau of Identification and Investigation (SBII) and placed it under the direct supervision and control of the governor. To the responsibilities of the State Bureau of Identification were added the investigation of mob violence and election fraud and fraud involving social security, and, when ordered by the governor, assistance to local law enforcement. In addition, the SBII would maintain accurate statistics on crime and criminals in the state and receive monthly updates from the courts on all felony convictions. Reports on crime statistics, previously sent to the attorney general, would now go directly to the bureau, although the attorney general maintained the right to inspect and utilize them. The General Assembly also provided for the creation of a modern crime laboratory with professional staff.
When the legislature transferred the duties, responsibilities, materials, and funds of the SBII to a newly created Department of Justice in 1939, a new State Bureau of Investigation was organized within the department. Except for those duties pertaining to crime statistics, which were to be performed by the department's Division of Crime and Criminal Statistics, all SBII responsibilities would be assumed by the new bureau. To protect sources, evidence, and other information, the General Assembly of 1947 directed that SBI records on criminals and criminal activity could be made public only by court order or by request of district solicitors involved in criminal investigations.
During the 1950s and 1960s, a number of laws affecting the SBI were enacted. In 1961, for example, the bureau was authorized to license private detectives in the state, and in 1965, to investigate arson and damage to, theft of, or misuse of state-owned property.
Under the Executive Organization Act of 1971, the SBI became a division of the re-created Department of Justice. Legislation passed in 1987, 1989, and 1991 gave the SBI additional responsibilities, including background checks of appointees awaiting confirmation by the General Assembly, administration of the department's Police Information Network, and the immediate investigation of suspected child abuse.
The modern SBI is divided into three major areas of operation: Field Investigation, the Crime Laboratory, and the Division of Criminal Information. The latter brought the state's law enforcement community into the computer age through the great amount of up-to-date information it has collected and stored, such as driver's licenses, motor vehicle registrations, wanted and missing persons, stolen property, warrants, stolen vehicles, firearms registration, drug trafficking, and parole and probation histories.