From Carolina Watchman, January 25, 1845

For What is a Mother Responsible?We might wonder, when reading the title of this article, if what follows will be fact or opinion. The title suggests that this article will focus on responsibility, which starts to give us a clue as to the nature of the information that will follow. Responsibility is typically defined as someone's moral or legal accountability for something. A discussion of legal responsibilities may well provide a great deal of factual information — legal responsibilities are often clearly spelled out and are not matters of opinion (though people may, surely, hold vastly different opinions about the laws themselves). Moral responsibilities, however, are less clear-cut, and what is considered a moral responsibility may vary from one culture to another and even from individual to individual within the same culture. If the article went on to describe mothers' legal responsibilities toward their children, then it might well contain a great deal of factual information. Instead, it focuses on women's moral responsibilities to ensure that their children grow up to be decent members of society. We can reasonably expect that much of this article will be opinion rather than fact.

A mother is usually also a wifeThat a mother is usually also a wife appears to be a statement of generally known fact., and has the management of a family and a direct influence over subordination to her head, has the seat of authority and wields the sceptre of government. From a position of entire dependence, she has risen to power and rank, and though her throne may be in a cottage, and her dominion the little work of household affairs, yet is she not the less really responsible, than is that youthful queen who now sways a sceptre over the four quarters of the earthHere the author makes factual reference to Queen Victoria who became Queen of England in 1837.. But for what is she responsible?

She is responsible for the nursing and rearing of her progeny; for their physical constitution and growth; their exercise and proper sustenance in early life. A child left to grow up deformed, bloated, or meagre, is an object of maternal negligence.

She is responsible for a child's habits; including cleanliness, order, conversation, eating, sleeping, manners, and general propriety of behavior. A child deficient or untaught in these particulars, will prove a living monument of parental disregard; because generally speaking, a mother can, if she will, greatly control children in these matters.

She is responsible for their deportment. She can make them fearful and cringing, she can make them modest or impertinent, ingenious or deceitful; mean or manly; clownish or polite. The germ of all these things is in childhood, and a mother can repress or bring them forth.

She is responsible for the principles which her children entertain in early life. For her it is to say whether those who go forth, from her fireside, shall be imbued with sentiments of virtue, truth, honor, honesty, temperance, industry, benevolence, and morality, or those of a contrary character -- vice, fraud, drunkenness, idleness, covetousness. These last will be found to the most natural growth; but on her is devolved the daily, hourly task of weeding her little garden -- of eradicating these odious productions, and planting the human with the lily, the rose, and the amaranth, that fadeless flower, emblem of truth.

She is to a very considerable extent responsible for the temper and disposition of her children. Constitutionally they may be violent, irritable, or revengeful; but for regulation or correction of these passions a mother is responsible.

She is responsible for the intellectual acquirement of her children, that is, she is bound to do what she can for this object. Schools, academies, and colleges open their portals throughout our land; and every mother is under heavy responsibilities to see that her sons and daughters have all benefits which these afford and which circumstances permit them to enjoy.

She is responsible for their religious education. The beginning of all wisdom is the fear of God; and this every mother must teach. Reverence for God, acquaintance with His word, respect for the duties of ordinance of religion are within the ability of every parent to implant, and if children grow up ignorant or regardless of the Bible and the Saviour, what mother, when she considers the wickedness of the human heart, can expect them to rise up and call her blessed?

-- Mother's Journ